Researchers Create Rapid Gene-Editing Screening Method to Identify Impact of Cancer Mutations

Tumors often harbor mutations across a multitude of genes, each exhibiting diverse mutation patterns—ranging from single nucleotide substitutions to larger DNA insertions or deletions. Historically, there has been a lack of efficient methods to comprehensively screen these mutations within their natural context to understand their roles in tumor development, progression, and treatment response. Addressing this gap, researchers at MIT have devised a novel approach using a variant of CRISPR genome-editing known as prime editing, facilitating streamlined mutation screening.

In a groundbreaking demonstration, the researchers applied their technique to screen over 1,000 distinct mutations of the tumor suppressor gene p53, all of which have been observed in cancer patients. This innovative method, distinguished by its simplicity and rapidity compared to existing protocols, directly edits the genome instead of introducing an artificial version of the mutated gene. Through this approach, previously underestimated harmful effects of certain p53 mutations have been unveiled, challenging existing assumptions.

Moreover, the versatility of this technique extends beyond p53 to encompass numerous other cancer-related genes, offering vast potential for application in precision medicine. By deciphering how an individual patient's tumor may respond to specific treatments, this methodology holds promise for personalized therapeutic strategies, thereby advancing the efficacy and tailored management of cancer patients.

SOURCE: https://news.mit.edu/2024/scientists-develop-rapid-gene-editing-screen-effects-cancer-mutations-0312 

CREDITS: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY